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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 12, 2018
Hayate Mukofukasawa1, Koji Hiraoka1, Shiro Seki1
1Graduate School of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kogakuin University 2665-1 Nakano-machi Hachioji-shi Tokyo 192-0015 Japan shiro-seki@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp.
We visualized lithium deposition and diffusion using operando Raman spectroscopy. This technique reveals insights into lithium-ion battery interfaces, showing how electrolyte components change during cycling.
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