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Prevalence, Etiological Patterns and Factors Associated with Bacteraemia Among Febrile Children with Sickle Cell

Abdifatah Muhuyadin Haji Ali1, Awil Abdulkadir Abdi2, Amatarahman Ibrahim Said1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Bushenyi, Uganda.

Infection and Drug Resistance
|July 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Bacteremia is common in Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most frequent cause. Blood cultures are crucial for guiding effective antibiotic treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) face a high risk of bacterial infections.
  • Limited data exists on bacteremia in SCA patients in Uganda.
  • This study addresses the gap in understanding bacteremia in Ugandan children with SCA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of bacteremia in febrile children with SCA in Uganda.
  • To identify the bacterial causes and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteremia.
  • To explore factors associated with bacteremia in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.
  • Blood samples from febrile children with SCA were cultured and tested for antibiotic sensitivity.
  • Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with bacteremia.

Main Results:

  • Bacteremia was confirmed in 21.1% of febrile children with SCA.
  • Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate (56.8%), followed by E. coli.
  • Antibiotic resistance to common drugs like ampicillin and gentamicin was high; cloxacillin showed sensitivity against S. aureus.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteremia is prevalent in febrile children with SCA in Uganda, with S. aureus as a primary pathogen.
  • Blood cultures are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
  • Empirical antibiotic choices should consider local resistance patterns, with cloxacillin and cefotaxime as potential alternatives to ineffective ampicillin and gentamicin.
Abstract

Keywords:
Escherichia coliStaphylococcus aureusUgandabacteremiaprevalencesickle cell anemia

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