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Association between Vessels Encapsulating Tumor Clusters and Circulating Tumor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma:

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Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are linked to worse outcomes in liver cancer (HCC). Their combined presence strongly predicts disease progression and survival, offering new biomarker potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hepatobiliary Surgery
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarker research is advancing.
  • Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are emerging biomarkers.
  • The relationship between VETC and CTCs in HCC requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between VETC and CTCs in HCC.
  • To evaluate the clinical utility of VETC and CTCs as prognostic biomarkers.
  • To develop a predictive model for disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 165 HCC patients undergoing curative resection.
  • VETC identification using CD34 immunohistochemistry.
  • Preoperative CTC measurement via CellSearch and propensity score matching (PSM).
  • LASSO-Cox regression for prognostic model development.

Main Results:

  • VETC-positive tumors correlated with increased disease progression and reduced overall survival (OS) and DFS.
  • Elevated preoperative CTC counts were robustly associated with the VETC phenotype.
  • The co-occurrence of VETC and CTCs significantly predicted poorer OS and DFS.
  • A novel DFS prediction model (Vrisk) incorporating VETC, CTCs, and other factors showed superior performance.

Conclusions:

  • A strong association exists between VETC, elevated CTCs, and unfavorable prognosis in HCC.
  • VETC and CTCs hold significant potential as clinical biomarkers for HCC.
  • These findings provide insights into the functional roles of VETC and CTCs in HCC progression.