Research Progress of Epigenetic Modifications in Myopia.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology and Genetics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Myopia (nearsightedness) is a growing global health concern, characterized by impaired distance vision due to light focusing in front of the retina.
• High myopia increases the risk of serious eye conditions, including pathological myopia, highlighting the need for deeper understanding.
• Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to myopia, with epigenetic modifications playing a key role in gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current knowledge on epigenetic modifications implicated in the development of myopia.
• To explore the role of various epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, and histone modifications, in myopia.
• To identify potential research directions for myopia based on epigenetic insights.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed.
• Keywords included "epigenetic modification," "epigenetics," "DNA methylation," "RNA methylation," "non-coding RNA," "histone modification," and related terms.
• The review synthesized findings on diverse epigenetic mechanisms in myopia.

Main Results:

• Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, RNA methylation, and histone modifications (acetylation, methylation), are closely linked to myopia development.
• Non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNA, microRNA, and circular RNA, are involved in regulating gene expression relevant to myopia.
• These epigenetic mechanisms are sensitive to environmental influences, suggesting a dynamic interplay in myopia pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

• Epigenetic modifications are integral to the pathophysiology and progression of myopia.
• Further research into these reversible epigenetic changes could uncover novel therapeutic targets for myopia control and prevention.
• Understanding epigenetics offers new insights into the complex etiology of myopia, paving the way for advanced research strategies.