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Healthcare resource utilisation and costs associated with hypertension in children and adolescents: a

Junayd Hussain1, Rabeeyah Ahmed1, Cal H Robinson2,3

  • 1Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Lancet Regional Health. Americas
|July 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Paediatric hypertension significantly increases healthcare use and costs in children. Early intervention is crucial to mitigate long-term health and economic burdens associated with childhood high blood pressure.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Cardiology
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Global rise in paediatric hypertension poses risks for cardiovascular and kidney health.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding healthcare resource utilization and costs linked to childhood hypertension.
  • This study quantifies healthcare utilization and associated costs in hypertensive children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate healthcare resource utilization among children diagnosed with hypertension.
  • To determine the healthcare costs associated with paediatric hypertension.
  • To compare healthcare utilization and costs between hypertensive children and their peers.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada (1993-2021).
  • Propensity score matching compared 25,605 hypertensive children with 128,025 controls.
  • Negative binomial regression assessed healthcare utilization; secondary outcomes included costs and specialist follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive children experienced higher rates of hospitalizations (RR 2.13), emergency visits (RR 1.08), and outpatient visits (RR 1.33).
  • Mean healthcare costs were substantially higher for hypertensive children, particularly in the first year ($16,690 vs $2659 per person-year).
  • Comorbidities like congenital heart disease, malignancy, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were uncommon.

Conclusions:

  • Youth with hypertension demonstrate significantly increased healthcare resource utilization.
  • Findings support the need for cost-effectiveness analyses of paediatric hypertension prevention strategies.
  • Understanding the economic impact is vital for managing childhood hypertension and its sequelae.
Abstract

Keywords:
Healthcare resourcesHealthcare utilizationHospitalizationsLong-term outcomesOutpatient carePediatric hypertensionPopulation-based cohortPreventive medicinePublic health

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