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Engineered Nanotopographies Induce Transient Openings in the Nuclear Membrane.

Einollah Sarikhani1, Vrund Patel1, Zhi Li2

  • 1Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.

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|July 14, 2025
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Summary

Engineered nanotopographic materials can create temporary openings in nuclear membranes, enabling molecular exchange. These nanoscale structures offer potential for novel nuclear sensing and delivery applications.

Keywords:
nanopillarnanotopographynuclear deliverynuclear envelope repairnuclear envelope rupturenuclear mechanicsnuclear mechanotransduction

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoscale surface topographies, including nanopillars and nanowires, mimic natural structures and can bypass biological barriers.
  • Current applications include nanoelectronics, intracellular sensing, and drug delivery, with some technologies in clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of nanotopographic materials on nuclear membranes.
  • To determine if these materials can breach the nucleo-cytoplasmic barrier and induce molecular exchange.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of various cell types to nanotopographic materials with engineered surface features.
  • Microscopy and biochemical assays to observe nuclear membrane integrity and molecular transport.

Main Results:

  • Nanotopographic materials induced transient openings in nuclear membranes without cell penetration.
  • These openings allowed uncontrolled molecular exchange across the nucleo-cytoplasmic barrier.
  • Nuclear membrane openings were repaired via Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT)-mediated mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale curvature from nanotopographic materials can temporarily breach the nuclear membrane.
  • This mechanism offers potential for direct nuclear sensing and targeted delivery applications.