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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures
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Continuous Encodable Reshaping of Gold Nanocrystals through Facet Modulation.

Fang Lu1, Yugang Zhang1, Lihua Zhang1

  • 1Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 14, 2025
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Researchers developed a new room-temperature method to reshape gold nanocrystals (NCs), precisely controlling their facets. This technique enhances catalytic activity by modulating surface atomic planes, offering new possibilities for nanomaterial design.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Precise control over nanocrystal (NC) shape and facet composition is essential for tailoring their properties.
  • Existing methods for NC manipulation often involve complex reduction-mediated processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, room-temperature nanocrystal reshaping strategy for gold (Au) NCs.
  • To demonstrate precise control over facet composition and its impact on catalytic performance.

Main Methods:

  • A one-pot synthesis using initial Au NCs, Au³⁺ ions, and surfactants at room temperature.
  • Characterization via electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and UV-vis spectroscopy.
  • Evaluation of catalytic activity using the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a surfactant-encoded pathway for transforming NC shapes (shaped to spheres to polyhedra) while preserving volume.
  • Elucidated a reshaping mechanism involving Au atom dissolution and surfactant-guided redeposition.
  • Observed a correlation between {100} facet exposure and enhanced catalytic activity in EOR.

Conclusions:

  • The presented strategy offers precise control over NC reshaping and facet modulation.
  • This method provides a versatile approach for designing nanomaterials with tunable catalytic properties.
  • The findings expand synthetic methodologies in nanocrystal engineering.