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Related Concept Videos

Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Nicotine Ingestions Among Young Children: 2010-2023.

Madelyn Olivas1,2, Hannah L Hays1,3,4, Sandhya Kistamgari1

  • 1Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.

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Summary

Young children experienced over 134,000 nicotine ingestions, with liquid nicotine initially rising then falling. Nicotine pouch ingestions surged, posing greater risks and necessitating prevention efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pediatric Health
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Nicotine products, including liquid nicotine and newer formulations like pouches, pose a significant risk of accidental ingestion among young children.
  • Understanding the trends and characteristics of these ingestions is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and temporal trends of nicotine ingestions in children under 6 years old reported to US poison centers.
  • To analyze the association between different nicotine product types and health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of unintentional, single-substance nicotine ingestions in children <6 years old reported to the National Poison Data System (2010-2023).
  • Examination of ingestion rates, demographic data, product types, and health outcomes.
  • Statistical analysis to determine trends and compare risks associated with different nicotine formulations.

Main Results:

  • Over 134,000 nicotine ingestions were reported, predominantly in children under 2 years old, boys, and at residences.
  • Ingestion rates initially increased (2010-2015) then decreased (2015-2023), driven by liquid nicotine trends.
  • Nicotine pouch ingestions dramatically increased (2020-2023) and were linked to more severe outcomes and medical admissions compared to other forms.

Conclusions:

  • Nicotine ingestions in young children remain a significant public health concern, with evolving product trends.
  • The rise and severity of nicotine pouch ingestions highlight the need for targeted prevention and ongoing surveillance.
  • Enhanced public health interventions are required to reduce the incidence and impact of pediatric nicotine exposures.