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Pulmonary interstitial emphysema in newborns
Hortense Petat1, Juliette Raghani2, Isabelle Michelet3
1Paediatrics, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France hortense.petat1@univ-rouen.fr.
BMJ Case Reports
|July 14, 2025
Summary
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) in newborns is a rare air leak. Conservative treatment showed good short-term outcomes, but long-term follow-up revealed persistent lung sequelae.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a rare air leak syndrome in neonates.
- Characterized by air escaping the tracheobronchial tree into lung tissue.
- Often presents as worsening respiratory distress in newborns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on three cases of PIE in moderately premature newborns.
- To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of PIE.
- To highlight the importance of medium- and long-term follow-up.
Main Methods:
- Case series observation of three newborns with PIE.
- Initial presentation and clinical course documented.
- Conservative management including positioning and oxygen therapy utilized.
- Medium- and long-term outcomes assessed clinically and radiologically.
Main Results:
- All three patients were moderately premature.
- Initial presentation was respiratory distress, which worsened.
- Conservative treatment led to clinically symptom-free patients.
- Follow-up CT scans showed persistent sequelae bullae.
Conclusions:
- Conservative management appears effective for PIE in neonates.
- Persistent radiological sequelae, such as bullae, can occur.
- Systematic medium- and long-term follow-up is recommended to monitor for respiratory symptoms and radiological changes.
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