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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Demodicosis and Thyroid Autoimmunity: Unravelling the Connection.

Muhammed Burak Yücel1, Esranur Ünal1, Ragıp Ertaş1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Health Sciencesi Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.

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Summary

High Demodex mite counts, particularly in Type 2 demodicosis, are linked to autoimmune thyroid disease. Measuring Demodex and thyroid antibodies may aid early diagnosis.

Keywords:
anti‐thyroid peroxidaseautoimmune thyroid diseasedemodexdemodicosisrosaceathyroid autoantibodies

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Demodex mites are common skin parasites that can cause demodicosis when overpopulated.
  • Thyroid hormones influence skin immunity and inflammation, suggesting a potential link between thyroid autoimmunity and Demodex colonization.
  • Skin conditions like xerosis and papular lesions in demodicosis may overlap with symptoms of autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Demodex mite infestation and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
  • To explore the relationship between Demodex counts, thyroid hormone levels, and anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with demodicosis or rosacea.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 201 patients with demodicosis or rosacea.
  • Assessment of thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4), anti-TPO antibodies, and Demodex mite counts via standard superficial skin biopsy.
  • Classification of demodicosis into Type 1 (erythema, telangiectasia, rough skin) and Type 2 (papules, pustules).

Main Results:

  • Patients with elevated anti-TPO antibody levels showed significantly higher Demodex counts (p < 0.05).
  • Demodex positivity and anti-TPO levels were strongly associated with Type 2 demodicosis (p < 0.001, p = 0.008).
  • A positive correlation was found between Demodex count and anti-TPO levels (r = 0.144, p = 0.043), with anti-TPO positivity being a predictor (p = 0.004).

Conclusions:

  • Increased Demodex counts in Type 2 demodicosis correlate with the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease.
  • Combined assessment of Demodex mite counts and thyroid antibodies may facilitate early diagnosis of associated conditions.