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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

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Speech Categorization Consistency Predicts Language and Reading Abilities in Korean School-Age Children.

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Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

473

Reduced Cochlear Implant Performance in Listeners with Single-Sided Deafness: Comparison with Bilateral Listeners.

Charlotte Jeppsen1, Bob McMurray2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. charlotte-jeppsen@uiowa.edu.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO
|July 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cochlear implant (CI) speech perception is reduced in single-sided deafness (SSD) compared to bilateral CI (BCI) users. This suggests the non-implanted ear may hinder CI effectiveness, necessitating targeted support for SSD listeners.

Keywords:
AudiologyBilateral cochlear implantsSingle-sided deafnessSpeech perception

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Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
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Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process
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Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
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Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

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438

Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Single-sided deafness (SSD) presents unique challenges for auditory rehabilitation.
  • Cochlear implants (CIs) are an option for SSD, but their efficacy compared to bilateral CIs (BCIs) requires further investigation.
  • Understanding speech perception differences is crucial for optimizing CI outcomes in SSD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of cochlear implantation in single-sided deafness (SSD) by comparing speech perception.
  • To compare single-ear speech perception in SSD listeners with matched bilateral cochlear implant (BCI) listeners.
  • To identify factors influencing CI performance in SSD and BCI users.

Main Methods:

  • Consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) speech perception scores were compared between 55 SSD listeners and 55 age/experience-matched BCI listeners.
  • Analyses included matched ears in BCI users and lower-performing ears, controlling for age, time since activation, CI usage, and etiology.
  • Performance of first and second implants in sequentially implanted BCI listeners was also compared.

Main Results:

  • SSD listeners demonstrated significantly lower CNC speech perception compared to BCI users, even after controlling for covariates.
  • Sequentially implanted BCI listeners showed significantly poorer CNC performance in their second implanted ear versus their first.
  • These results indicate reduced CI efficacy in SSD and a potential learning effect or ear advantage in sequential BCI users.

Conclusions:

  • Speech perception with CIs is diminished in SSD listeners relative to BCI users, potentially due to the influence of the non-implanted ear ('blocking').
  • Poorer performance in the second ear of sequential BCI users suggests greater reliance on the more experienced, first-implanted ear.
  • Optimizing CI outcomes for SSD listeners may require enhanced training and support strategies to overcome reduced reliance on the implant.