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Explaining the age-moderation effects in the relation between immediate benefits and physical activity: A mediated
Kin-Kit Li1, Wanying Zhao1, Cyrus Lap Kwan Leung1,2
1Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
British Journal of Health Psychology
|July 15, 2025
Summary
Older adults, who perceive less future time, are more motivated by immediate physical activity (PA) benefits. This study explored how age, future time perspective, and health consciousness influence this motivation.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Behavioral Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Physical activity (PA) is crucial for older adults, yet they are the least active demographic.
- Understanding age-related factors influencing PA is a key research priority.
- Immediate PA benefits may be more motivating for older adults due to a limited future-time perspective.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if older age correlates with a shorter future-time perspective and heightened health consciousness.
- To determine if these factors strengthen the link between immediate benefits and subsequent physical activity.
- To examine the role of age in mediating the relationship between perceived immediate PA benefits and actual PA.
Main Methods:
- A prospective survey design was employed.
- Participants included 241 older adults and 180 younger adults.
- Data collected at baseline included perceived importance of immediate PA benefits, future-time perspective, and health consciousness, with PA reported at a one-week follow-up.
Main Results:
- A significant mediated moderation effect was found (b=.05).
- Future-time perspective significantly mediated the moderation (b=.02), aligning with expectations.
- Contrary to hypotheses, direct age moderation was significant and negative (b=-.16), indicating immediate benefits were more strongly linked to PA in younger adults.
Conclusions:
- Older adults' limited future-time perspective makes immediate physical activity benefits more predictive of their engagement.
- Findings support the time perspective concordance hypothesis.
- Younger adults' motivation for immediate benefits warrants further investigation.
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