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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules in Signaling01:22

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

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Neuronal guidance behaviours: the primary cilium perspective.

Melody Atkins1, Coralie Fassier1, Xavier Nicol1

  • 1Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|July 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The primary cilium acts as a cellular antenna, sensing signals crucial for neuronal guidance during brain development. Understanding its role in neuronal migration and axon guidance offers insights into developmental disorders.

Keywords:
axon guidanceneuronal guidanceneuronal migrationprimary ciliumsignalling pathways

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Neuronal circuit formation requires precise guidance of developing neurons and axons.
  • The growth cone and primary cilium are key cellular structures involved in sensing and integrating guidance cues.
  • The precise mechanisms by which primary cilia-mediated signals influence neuronal guidance remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging understanding of primary cilium signaling in neuronal migration and axon guidance.
  • To highlight the molecular diversity and functional versatility of primary cilia in neuronal development.
  • To discuss future research directions and challenges in studying primary cilium function in neuronal guidance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on primary cilia and neuronal guidance.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying ciliary signaling in non-neuronal cells.
  • Discussion of technical challenges and potential solutions (genetic, chemo-genetic, optogenetic tools).

Main Results:

  • Primary cilia harbor guidance receptors and transduce signals influencing neuronal migration and axon guidance.
  • The molecular composition of primary cilia dictates their functional roles in diverse cellular processes.
  • Studies in non-neuronal cells provide valuable insights into ciliary signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Primary cilia play a critical, yet underappreciated, role in neuronal development and circuit wiring.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate downstream effectors of ciliary signals and their precise roles.
  • Understanding primary cilia function is crucial for deciphering the etiology of ciliopathies, neurodevelopmental disorders, and cancer.