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Antifungal Agents

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...

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Related Experiment Video

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Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform

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Transcriptomics Insights into Targeting CK2 Complex in Cryptococcus neoformans: Implications for Large-Scale

Fadia Falah Hassan¹, Mohammed Hussein Mushrif², Mohammed F Hamdi³

¹Biology department, College of education for Pure Science-Ibn Alhaitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Current Medical Mycology

|July 15, 2025

Summary

This study explores the casein kinase 2 (Ck2) complex in Cryptococcus neoformans, identifying potential drug targets for treating fungal infections. RNA-sequencing and computational analyses revealed key pathogenic proteins and screened for effective FDA-approved drugs.

Keywords:

Ck2 Complex FDA-approved drugs pathogenic proteins therapeutic targets Cryptococcus neoformans

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Area of Science:

Mycology
Molecular Biology
Computational Biology

Background:

Cryptococcus neoformans is a significant fungal pathogen causing meningitis in immunocompromised individuals.
The casein kinase 2 (Ck2) complex plays a crucial role in regulating essential cellular processes within C. neoformans.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the transcriptomic and functional roles of the Ck2 complex and other pathogenic proteins in C. neoformans.
To identify potential therapeutic targets for C. neoformans infections.

Main Methods:

Utilized RNA-sequencing to analyze gene expression in C. neoformans under various mutant conditions.
Employed STRING and Cytoscape for protein-protein interaction analysis and identification of hub genes.
Screened identified hub genes against FDA-approved drugs using GNINA.

Main Results:

Identified significant numbers of dysregulated genes across different mutant strains (e.g., 936, 1154, 1159).
Determined key cellular components, molecular functions, and KEGG pathways affected by gene dysregulation.
Selected several high-ranking hub genes (e.g., Q5KFT2_CRYNJ, ARO1_CRYNJ) for drug screening.

Conclusions:

The Ck2 complex is vital for C. neoformans proliferation and apoptosis; its disruption impacts cellular functions.
Identified three potential drugs—amphotericin B, idarubicin, and candicidin—as promising therapeutic agents against C. neoformans proteins.
Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these drug candidates for treating fungal infections.