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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Risk Factors for Hearing Loss Are Comparable in Preterm Versus Term Children: A Systematic Review.

Pauline Roehrs1, Anna-Katharina Rohlfs2, Reinhard Vonthein3

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|July 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Prematurity itself may not independently increase hearing loss risk. While preterm infants face more neonatal risk factors, evidence on differing risk factor effects between preterm and term infants remains inconclusive.

Keywords:
hearing lossmechanical ventilationototoxic medicationpreterm childrenrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Audiology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Hearing loss is more prevalent in preterm children.
  • The independent contribution of prematurity to hearing loss risk is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if risk factors for hearing loss differ between preterm and term infants.
  • To clarify the role of prematurity as an independent risk factor for hearing impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of three databases (March 2023).
  • Inclusion of studies comparing hearing loss risk factors in preterm and term children.
  • Logistic regression analysis to determine odds ratios (95% confidence interval).

Main Results:

  • 16 studies including 9059 preterm and 10048 term children were analyzed.
  • One study indicated increased risk for mechanical ventilation, sepsis, and ototoxic medication in preterm infants.
  • No significant differences in risk factors were found when shared by both groups, suggesting prematurity may not be an independent factor.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence on differing effect sizes of risk factors in preterm versus term infants is inconclusive.
  • Preterm infants accumulate a higher burden of risk factors during the neonatal period.