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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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Electrolysis03:00

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

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Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
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Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
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Exploring Anionic Redox Chemistry of Battery Cathodes with Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering.

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  • 1School of Advanced Energy, Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Layered oxide cathodes show promise for energy storage. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is a powerful tool to understand anionic redox processes in these materials, overcoming key challenges in their electrochemical performance.

Keywords:
anionic redoxbatteriescathodeslayered oxidesresonant inelastic X‐ray scattering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • High-capacity and reversible cathodes are crucial for sustainable energy.
  • Layered oxides offer a promising avenue for cathode materials due to their high capacity and cost-effectiveness.
  • Anionic redox in these materials presents an untapped potential for enhanced energy storage, though challenges like voltage fade persist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) for analyzing anionic redox in cathode materials.
  • To highlight the unique capabilities of RIXS in elucidating oxygen's chemical transformations during electrochemical cycling.
  • To serve as a reference for researchers and practitioners in energy storage and RIXS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) to probe charge transfer and oxygen speciation.
  • Employing RIXS mapping capabilities for quantitative spectral pattern generation.
  • Analyzing chemical transformations of oxygen during electrochemical cycles.

Main Results:

  • RIXS effectively captures charge transfer between oxygen ligands and transition metals.
  • RIXS elucidates the formation of molecular oxygen and other undesired oxygen species.
  • RIXS provides quantitative spectral data surpassing other characterization techniques.

Conclusions:

  • RIXS is a powerful technique for understanding anionic redox mechanisms in cathode materials.
  • Addressing challenges in anionic redox reversibility is key to improving cathode performance.
  • Further advancements in RIXS offer significant potential for future energy storage solutions.