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Comparison of Local Heat and Massage on the Outcomes of Venous Cannulation in Hospitalized Children with Difficult

Samieh Naseri1, Hanieh Neshat1, Saeed Musavi2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran.

Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing
|July 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Local heat and massage improve venous access in children. Local heat was more effective than massage in reducing pain and cannulation time for difficult venous access in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric nursing
  • Vascular access techniques
  • Pain management

Background:

  • Peripheral venous cannulation is a common procedure with a high failure rate, especially in children.
  • Difficult venous access in pediatric patients presents significant challenges due to unique anatomical characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of local heat and massage in facilitating venous access in hospitalized children with difficult access.
  • To compare the efficacy of local heat versus massage in reducing pain and improving cannulation success.

Main Methods:

  • A single-blind randomized controlled trial involving 96 children aged 6-12 years.
  • Intervention groups received either local heat (40°C pad for 5 min) or gentle massage (2 min).
  • Outcomes measured included pain scores (Visual Analogue Scale), cannulation time, number of attempts, and vein assessment (Vein Assessment Scale).

Main Results:

  • Both local heat and massage improved vein visibility and palpability.
  • Pain scores significantly decreased in both intervention groups (p ≤ 0.001).
  • Local heat resulted in lower mean pain scores and shorter cannulation duration compared to massage (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Applying local heat or massage before venous cannulation enhances ease of access in children.
  • Local heat is a more effective intervention than massage for reducing perceived pain in pediatric patients with difficult venous access.
  • Local heat is a simple, cost-effective method recommended for improving pediatric venous cannulation outcomes.

Keywords:
Local heatchildren and young peopledifficult venous access (DIVA)massagevenous cannulation

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