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Related Concept Videos

Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

324
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
324
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

245
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
245
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

662
Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
662
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

223
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
223

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
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Melatonin Use in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Brian Hao Yuan Tang1, Judith Manalo2, Saifur R Chowdhury3

  • 1Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Critical Care Medicine
|July 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melatonin supplementation may improve sleep and reduce delirium in critically ill patients without increasing adverse events. Further research is needed to optimize its use in intensive care units (ICUs).

Keywords:
deliriumintensive care unitmelatoninmeta-analysisramelteonsleep

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Melatonin regulates circadian rhythms and immune functions.
  • Critically ill patients often experience disrupted melatonin levels.
  • Exogenous melatonin may offer therapeutic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on exogenous melatonin supplementation in critically ill adults.
  • To assess the impact of melatonin on patient-centered outcomes in the ICU.

Main Methods:

  • Searched five electronic databases for relevant RCTs.
  • Included 32 RCTs with 3895 patients comparing melatonin to placebo.
  • Analyzed data using random-effects models and assessed evidence certainty with GRADE.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin may reduce delirium (low certainty evidence).
  • Melatonin may slightly decrease ICU length of stay (low certainty evidence).
  • Melatonin may improve sleep quality (low certainty evidence) and reduce adverse events (low certainty evidence).

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin administration in critically ill patients shows potential for improving sleep and reducing delirium.
  • Evidence certainty was limited by bias and inconsistency.
  • Future studies should focus on optimal dosing, timing, and specific patient populations.