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Relationships between the ground reaction force during initial sprint acceleration and the vertical force-velocity
Motoki Katsuge1, Hikaru Kurosaki1,2, Hiromu Watanabe3
1Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Plos One
|July 15, 2025
Summary
Maximal lower-limb strength and power enhance ground reaction force during sprint acceleration. Tailored strength training can improve sprint performance by targeting specific step demands.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Human Movement
Background:
- Sprint acceleration relies on effective ground reaction force (GRF) generation.
- Lower-limb mechanical capabilities, particularly the force-velocity (F-V) profile, are crucial for athletic performance.
- Understanding the relationship between F-V profile characteristics and sprint GRF is essential for optimizing training.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between ground reaction forces during sprint acceleration and lower-limb mechanical properties derived from the vertical force-velocity (F-V) profile.
- To determine how theoretical maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), and peak power (Pmax) relate to GRF during different phases of sprint acceleration.
Main Methods:
- Thirty-one male collegiate baseball players completed 15-m sprint accelerations.
- Ground reaction forces (GRF) and leg extension velocities were measured during the first, fifth, and ninth steps.
- The force-velocity (F-V) profile was assessed using squat jumps with varying loads to determine F0, V0, and Pmax.
Main Results:
- Theoretical maximum force (F0) showed moderate to large correlations with horizontal GRF across all sprint steps.
- Peak power (Pmax) correlated with horizontal GRF in the fifth and ninth steps and resultant GRF in the ninth step.
- Dynamic lower-limb strength measures generally did not correlate with GRF, with a notable exception for the first step.
Conclusions:
- Maximal lower-limb strength (F0) is linked to greater horizontal GRF generation throughout sprint acceleration.
- Lower-limb power (Pmax) is associated with increased horizontal GRF in the later stages of early acceleration.
- Strength training programs should be individualized to address the specific neuromuscular demands of each step in sprint acceleration to enhance performance.
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