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Early Postpartum Symptoms Differ Between Older and Younger First-Time Mothers.

Kathleen R Beebe^1,2, Melanie Hall Morris³, Andrea Kuster⁴

¹Department of Nursing, College of Marin, Kentfield, California, USA.

Journal of Advanced Nursing

|July 15, 2025

Summary

Postpartum symptoms in new mothers decrease over time, but some persist. Older mothers experience more symptoms, highlighting the need for ongoing clinical attention and interventions.

Keywords:

fatigue lack of energy maternal age postpartum primipara sleep symptom distress symptoms

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Maternal Health
Postpartum Care

Background:

First-time mothers experience various physical and psychological symptoms postpartum.
Understanding symptom patterns is crucial for effective maternal care.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe symptom patterns in first-time mothers up to 3 months postpartum.
To identify prevalent and distressing symptoms and factors influencing them.

Main Methods:

Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial involving 114 first-time mothers.
Longitudinal, descriptive correlational design assessing 32 symptoms at 1, 2, and 3 months postpartum using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale.

Main Results:

New mothers reported an average of 7 symptoms at 1 month, decreasing to 5.3 by 3 months.
Lack of energy, worrying, pain, and sleep difficulties were common. Older mothers (≥35 years) reported significantly more symptoms and distress.
Symptoms did not vary by birth type or infant feeding method.

Conclusions:

While most postpartum symptoms improve by 3 months, some remain prevalent.
Symptoms not perceived as distressing can still pose clinical concerns and impact maternal-infant welfare.
Frequent postpartum assessments and targeted interventions, especially for older mothers, are essential.