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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Wood01:19

Introduction to Wood

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Wood, derived from trees, is a versatile and widely used construction material. Trees feature a trunk surrounded by a protective layer of dead bark. Beneath this outer layer lies the living bark, followed by the cambium, and then the sapwood which transitions into heartwood as it matures. At the center of the trunk is the pith. The age of a tree can be discerned by examining its growth rings, which are concentric bands visible in the trunk's cross-section.
The structural integrity of the...
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Softwoods and Hardwoods01:28

Softwoods and Hardwoods

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Softwoods and hardwoods, derived from different types of trees, are distinguished by their leaf structures and cellular compositions, each serving unique purposes in construction and manufacturing. Softwoods come from cone-bearing trees with needle-like leaves and are predominantly composed of longitudinal cells called tracheids and a smaller proportion of radial cells known as rays. Due to their cellular structure, softwoods are commonly used in construction for structural frames, sheathing,...
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Lumber01:19

Lumber

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Lumber is derived from logs which are harvested, debarked, and processed into long pieces with a rectangular cross-section. The transformation of logs into lumber involves multiple steps, beginning with an automated saw that slices the log into slabs. These slabs are then transported via a conveyor belt to smaller saws, where they are cut into square-edged pieces of specific widths.
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Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber01:21

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Wood's structural properties derive from fibers aligned along the tree's length, contributing significantly to its mechanical strength. Wood exhibits up to twenty times greater tensile strength along these fibers compared to across them, and generally shows better performance under compression than tension. The length of fibers varies, with hardwoods having fibers around one twenty-fifth inch long and softwoods ranging from one-eighth to one-third inch.
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Seasoning of Wood01:15

Seasoning of Wood

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Seasoning of wood is a crucial process aimed at reducing and stabilizing the moisture content within the wood to prevent future shrinkage, structural damage, or aesthetic issues once the wood is used in construction. Wood naturally swells when it absorbs moisture and contracts as it dries.
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Wood Products01:21

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Wood products encompass a broad range of materials crafted from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood-like shreds, designed for both structural and nonstructural purposes. Various specialized wood products have been developed to enhance strength, durability, and versatility in building applications.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Method to Produce Durable Pellets at Lower Energy Consumption Using High Moisture Corn Stover and a Corn Starch Binder in a Flat Die Pellet Mill
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Global wood fuel production estimates and implications.

E Ashley Steel1, Oliver Stoner2,3, Harry Podschwit2

  • 1Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy. Ashley.Steel@FAO.org.

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|July 15, 2025
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Global wood fuel removals and charcoal production are significantly higher than previously estimated. These updated figures for sustainable development and forest management are crucial for accurate global tracking and future energy access models.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Forestry
  • Sustainable Development

Background:

  • Accurate global wood fuel production data is vital for sustainable development, forest management, and energy access.
  • Current estimates of wood fuel removals and charcoal production are often unreliable, hindering progress towards global goals.
  • There is a need for improved methodologies to accurately quantify wood fuel resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply statistical models for more accurate global estimates of wood fuel removals and charcoal production.
  • To synthesize existing knowledge using a mechanistic, conceptual model to inform statistical modeling.
  • To provide updated figures for 2019 to improve understanding of global wood fuel dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed statistical models integrating official statistics with over 2000 newly identified data points.
  • Utilized a mechanistic, conceptual model to synthesize existing understanding of wood fuel production.
  • Analyzed data to estimate global wood fuel removals and charcoal production for the year 2019.

Main Results:

  • Global wood fuel removals in 2019 were estimated at 2525.7 million m³ (approx. 30% higher than previous estimates).
  • Regional estimates show significant increases in Africa (+50%) and Asia (+40%), with decreases in the Americas (-10%) and Europe (-20%).
  • Global charcoal production was estimated at 70.5 million tonnes (approx. 50% higher), with substantial increases in Africa (+20%) and Asia (+200%).

Conclusions:

  • Updated estimates reveal significantly higher global wood fuel removals and charcoal production than previously understood.
  • These findings necessitate a revision of current assessments of the forest sector's role in sustainable development and energy.
  • The improved data will enhance global models for forecasting future trends in wood fuel resources and consumption.