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Optimization of ski jumping in-run posture using computational fluid dynamics.

Wenhan Liu1, Feixiang Lu2, Xiang Suo1

  • 1School of Intelligent Sports Technologies, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.

Scientific Reports
|July 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ski jumpers can improve speed by minimizing air resistance during the in-run. Optimizing torso angle is key, reducing drag by 5% and enhancing performance through physics-driven training.

Keywords:
Aerodynamic characteristicsComputational fluid dynamicsIn-run stagePosture optimizationSki jumping

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Biomechanics
  • Aerodynamics
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Aerodynamic optimization in ski jumping primarily focuses on the flight phase.
  • The in-run phase's posture-fluid interactions and drag dynamics are less understood for speed maximization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate posture-dependent aerodynamic resistance during the ski jumping in-run phase.
  • To identify key posture parameters influencing drag and optimize athlete positioning for acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an athlete-specific 3D model for high-resolution computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.
  • Systematic analysis of four critical posture parameters: torso attack angle (α), thigh attack angle (β), ankle joint angle (γ), and hip abduction angle (ε).

Main Results:

  • Torso attack angle (α) was identified as the dominant factor influencing aerodynamic resistance during acceleration.
  • An optimized posture configuration reduced cumulative air resistance by approximately 5% compared to conventional postures.
  • Marginal adjustments in torso positioning significantly impacted drag reduction more than other joint angles.

Conclusions:

  • Minimizing drag, not maximizing lift, is the primary objective for in-run optimization in ski jumping.
  • Findings support evidence-based posture guidelines and a shift towards physics-driven training methodologies.
  • CFD is a valuable tool for quantifying subtle posture adaptations in sports biomechanics and equipment optimization.