Integrated renewable energy supply architecture for advancing hydrogen symbiosis and eco synergistic smart grid...

This study introduces the Smart Grid Hybrid Electrolysis-and-Combustion System (SGHE-CS), designed to seamlessly integrate hydrogen production, storage, and utilization within smart grid operations to maximize renewable energy use and maintain grid stability. The system achieves a hydrogen production efficiency of 98.5%, indicating the effective conversion rate of electrical energy to hydrogen via PEM electrolysis. Combustion efficiency reaches 98.1%, reflecting the proportion of hydrogen energy successfully converted into usable power through advanced staged combustion. Storage and transportation efficiency is 96.3%, accounting for energy losses during hydrogen compression, storage, and delivery. Renewable integration efficiency is 97.3%, representing the system's capacity to utilize variable renewable energy inputs without curtailment. Operational versatility is 99.3%, denoting the system's ability to maintain high performance across load demands and grid conditions. Real-time monitoring and adaptive control strategies ensure reliability and resilience, positioning SGHE-CS as a promising solution for sustainable, low-carbon energy infrastructure.