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Social aloofness is associated with non-social explore-exploit decisions.

Evan Knep1, Xinyuan Yan2, Cathy S Chen2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

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Individual differences in social motivation, not cognitive rigidity, predict exploration in decision-making. Reduced social engagement correlates with less exploratory behavior and increased sensitivity to negative outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Understanding the explore-exploit dilemma is crucial for navigating dynamic environments.
  • Individual differences in cognitive exploration strategies and their link to psychological flexibility are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between individual differences in decision-making strategies, specifically exploration, and social/non-social psychological traits.
  • To examine how traits measured by the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) relate to cognitive exploration.

Main Methods:

  • A large online sample (N=1001) completed a cognitive flexibility task and a restless three-armed bandit task.
  • Individual differences in decision-making and exploration were assessed.
  • Social and non-social traits were measured using the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ).
  • Reinforcement learning (RL) modeling and sparse canonical correlation analysis were employed.

Main Results:

  • Exploratory behavior was primarily associated with the BAPQ aloof subscale, not cognitive rigidity.
  • Higher BAPQ aloof scores correlated with decreased shift rates, increased win-stay/lose-shift behavior, heightened sensitivity to negative outcomes, and reduced exploration.
  • RL modeling indicated reduced exploration in high aloof individuals was due to lower decision noise, not cognitive inflexibility.
  • Socially coded items showed the strongest association with non-social reward-related measures.

Conclusions:

  • Differences in the motivation to seek information, particularly in social contexts, may underlie reduced exploratory behavior in non-social tasks.
  • Computational approaches can reveal general cognitive mechanisms influencing social functioning.
  • Findings challenge previous links between exploratory behavior and cognitive rigidity, emphasizing the role of social motivation.