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Effect of dietary fat on pig performance and dust levels in modified-open-front and environmentally regulated
Abstract:
Four trials were conducted with 1,480 pigs (initial wt: 23 kg in trial 1,29 kg in trial 2 and 49 kg in trial 3 and 4) to determine the effect of dietary fat on pig performance, nutrient separation in an automated feed distribution system, dust levels in swine buildings and integrity of the respiratory system of swine. Two modified-open-front (B-1 and B-2) and two environmentally regulated (E-1 and E-2) growing-finishing buildings, of identical design, were used in each trial. In trial 1, 250 pigs (25 pens of 10 pigs/pen) in B-1 were fed a ground, mixed, corn-soybean meal diet (15% crude protein) with added tallow (5%), and 250 pigs in B-2 were fed the same diet but without added tallow. The assignment of diets to buildings were reversed in trial 2 in which 2.5% tallow was used instead of 5%. Each diet was fed ad libitum to pigs, and was distributed by an automated "Flexauger" system in trials 1 and 2. In each of trials 3 and 4, 120 pigs (12 pens of 10 10 pigs/pen) in E-1 were fed a corn-soybean meal diet (14% crude protein) with added tallow (5%) and 120 pigs in E-2 were fed the same diet but without added tallow. Overall, pigs fed the diet with tallow gained faster (P less than .002), consumed less feed (P less than .02) and converted feed more efficiently (P less than .002) than those fed the diet without tallow in trials 1 and 2. Pig performance was also improved by the addition of tallow to the diet in trials 3 and 4 (P less than .002). Crude protein, Ca, P and Cu contents of both diets were similar at each location sampled throughout the automated distribution system in trials 1 and 2. Addition of tallow to the diets reduced aerial dust levels, both with the feed distribution auger running (P less than .002) and without the auger running (P = .06) in trials 1 and 2. In trials 3 and 4, adding 5% tallow to the diet reduced aerial dust concentrations of of particle sizes of 14, 4, and 1.5 micron (P less than .002) and .4 micron (P = .07). The amount of settled dust was lower (P less than .001, trials 1, 3 and 4) when tallow was included in the diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)