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This study identified distinct male and female offender typologies using police data, revealing patterns in intimate partner violence and general offending. Understanding these criminal profiles can help tailor law enforcement responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Offenders involved in intimate partner violence (IPV) may exhibit a broader pattern of criminal behavior.
  • Understanding the diversity of offending patterns is crucial for effective intervention and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize distinct typologies of male and female offenders using a person-centered approach.
  • To analyze the diversity of offending behaviors within and outside intimate relationships.
  • To explore variations in offender typologies based on sex and time period of offending.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a police dataset of 1,189 male and female offenders with solved offenses from 2009-2019.
  • Employed hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means clustering to identify offender typologies.
  • Conducted a person-centered analysis to examine diversity in offending patterns.

Main Results:

  • Established six distinct typologies for male offenders (e.g., 'low-level offenders,' 'escalating intimate partner violence offenders,' 'anti-social offenders') and four for female offenders (e.g., 'low-level female offender,' 'prolific violent and anti-social female offender').
  • Found significant variations in typologies across several variables between male and female offenders.
  • Identified similarities and differences in typologies based on gender and the time period of offending (pre-2013, 2013, post-2013).

Conclusions:

  • Police administrative data can effectively differentiate offending patterns based on sex and offense types.
  • Recognizing diverse offender typologies allows for more tailored and effective law enforcement and judicial responses.
  • Further research can refine these typologies and their implications for criminal justice practices.