Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 15, 2025

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
Immunological Signatures During Type 2 Diabetes Development and Progression among Mexican Americans in Starr County,
Abstract:
Previous studies implicate immune dysregulation in the metabolic changes accompanying obesity and type 2 diabetes. This study investigated the interplay between metabolic and immunological parameters during the progression of type 2 diabetes in an obese Mexican American cohort from Starr County, Texas. Individuals matched for age, gender, and BMI were stratified into five categories: diabetes-free, isolated impaired glucose tolerance, combined glucose impairment (fasting or post-load), type 2 diabetes without complications, and type 2 diabetes with lower extremity complications. Buffy samples were analyzed via Luminex Multiplex Assay for IL-4, IL-17A, MCP-1, and HMGB1. HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in individuals with prediabetes and the combined glucose intolerance group compared to the diabetes-free group and those with diabetes. Elevated HMGB1 levels positively correlated with Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance (p = 0.03) and showed a moderate negative correlation with insulin sensitivity (p = 0.060). IL-17A levels were elevated in the diabetes group without complications compared to those with combined glucose impairment. The combined diabetes group exhibited the poorest glycemic control. In summary, HMGB1 is a potential early marker of insulin resistance and diabetes progression in Mexican Americans from an underserved community.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...

