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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

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Environment-dependent selection impacts heritable developmental stability and trait canalization in rice.

Taryn S Dunivant1,2, Irina Ćalić3,4, Conor Gilligan3,5

  • 1Department of Nematology and Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Canalization, the stability of traits, is reduced by drought stress in rice. This developmental stability is heritable, evolves under selection, and is regulated by the OsTGA5 gene, offering insights into plant adaptation.

Keywords:
Major: Biological Sciences/EvolutionMinor: Biological Sciences/GeneticsOryza sativacanalizationdevelopmental stabilitydroughtselection

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and developmental biology.
  • Evolutionary biology and adaptation.
  • Molecular genetics and gene regulation.

Background:

  • Canalization is crucial for developmental stability, maintaining traits despite genetic or environmental changes.
  • Little is known about how environmental stress, natural selection, and genetic factors influence canalization.
  • Understanding canalization's genetic basis is key to improving crop resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate natural selection on microenvironmental canalization in rice (Oryza sativa) under varying field conditions.
  • To identify the genetic underpinnings and evolutionary dynamics of canalization.
  • To explore the relationship between gene expression, environmental factors, and developmental stability.

Main Methods:

  • Measuring developmental stability in genetically identical rice replicates from diverse accessions.
  • Employing genetic mapping and functional genetic experiments to identify key genes.
  • Analyzing genome-wide gene expression stochasticity and correlating canalization with environmental temperature.

Main Results:

  • Drought stress significantly decreased canalization, increasing developmental instability.
  • Canalization was found to be heritable and under selection, indicating its evolvability.
  • The bZIP transcription factor gene OsTGA5/rTGA2.3 was identified as a regulator of canalization in an environment-dependent manner.
  • Lower gene expression stochasticity correlated with higher canalization, while higher temperature in source environments correlated with increased trait canalization.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental stress, like drought, can compromise developmental stability by reducing canalization.
  • Canalization is an evolvable trait influenced by natural selection and genetic factors.
  • OsTGA5 plays a critical role in regulating canalization, highlighting the molecular basis of adaptation to environmental variability.