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Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Unravels Talaromyces Marneffei-Induced Bone Destruction in an HIV-Negative

Jiayi Chen1, Zixiang Pang1, Chengyu Qin1

  • 1Department of Spinal Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.

Infection and Drug Resistance
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Talaromycosis, a fungal infection typically seen in immunocompromised individuals, can affect HIV-negative patients. This case highlights a fatal outcome in an HIV-negative woman with Talaromyces marneffei causing bone destruction.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Talaromycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei (TM).
  • TM predominantly affects individuals with HIV, but cases in HIV-negative individuals are increasing.
  • Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) aids in diagnosing rare infections.

Observation:

  • A 36-year-old HIV-negative woman presented with Talaromyces marneffei infection.
  • The infection led to significant bone destruction.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).

Findings:

  • Despite treatment with antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and symptomatic therapies, the infection progressed.
  • The patient developed multi-organ failure.
  • The case resulted in a fatal outcome.

Implications:

  • Bone destruction from Talaromyces marneffei is rare in HIV-negative patients.
  • Healthcare providers must consider skeletal lesions in Talaromycosis cases, even in HIV-negative individuals.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt antimicrobial treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis.
Keywords:
HIV-negativeTalaromyces marneffeiantifungal treatmentbone destructionmetagenomic next-generation sequencing

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