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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

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Remote microphone virtual sensing with nested microphone sub-arrays.

Achilles Kappis1, Jihui Aimee Zhang1, Jordan Cheer1

  • 1Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Nested microphone arrays using pressure and pressure gradient data improve remote sound pressure estimation. Circular configurations with closely spaced pairs offer superior accuracy and a larger effective zone compared to traditional methods.

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Array Signal Processing
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Accurate sound pressure estimation in random sound fields is crucial for various applications.
  • Traditional remote microphone techniques often rely solely on pressure sensors, limiting performance.
  • The remote microphone technique (RMT) is a method for inferring acoustic properties at unmeasured locations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of nested sub-arrays for enhanced remote sound pressure estimation.
  • To compare array configurations utilizing pressure versus pressure and pressure gradient information.
  • To evaluate the impact of array topology (linear vs. circular) on estimation accuracy and spatial coverage.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of the remote microphone technique using nested uniform linear and circular arrays.

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  • Sub-arrays composed of pressure sensors or closely spaced microphone pairs (pressure gradient).
  • Performance evaluation through experimental measurements and numerical simulations, analyzing estimation error and spatial extent.

    • Main Results:

    • Nested arrays incorporating pressure gradient information significantly outperform pressure-only arrays.
    • Circular array configurations demonstrate superior performance over equivalent linear configurations.
    • Increased performance gains are associated with a higher condition number, impacting robustness to uncertainties.

    Conclusions:

    • Nested arrays, particularly those using pressure gradient data, offer substantial improvements in remote sound pressure estimation.
    • Array topology and the integration of pressure gradient information are critical factors for optimizing performance.
    • The trade-off between enhanced accuracy and array robustness must be considered in practical applications.