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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Long COVID Among California Workers Captured by a Doctor's First Report-Based
David Wambui1, Martha Fiellin, Claire Majka
1From the Heluna Health, City of Industry, California (D.W., X.V.); Public Health Institute, Oakland, California (M.F., C.M., C.E.); and California Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Branch, Richmond, California (D.W., M.F., C.M., C.E., J.F., X.V.).
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|July 16, 2025
Summary
Long COVID affects 11% of California workers, particularly males and essential industry employees. Identifying risk factors like age and symptoms is key to preventing long-term work disability.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Long COVID presents a significant challenge to workforce health and productivity.
- Understanding its prevalence and risk factors in occupational settings is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of long COVID among California workers.
- To identify key risk factors associated with developing long COVID in an occupational cohort.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study analyzed 4,496 Doctor's First Reports of Occupational Injury or Illness (DFRs).
- Logistic regression models were employed to assess risk factors for long COVID.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of long COVID was 11% among the studied workers.
- Long COVID was more common in male workers, those aged 45-54, and essential industry workers.
- Long COVID cases experienced over 30 days of lost work, 13 times more than acute cases.
- Risk factors included age, specific presenting symptoms, and employment in mixed essential industries.
Conclusions:
- Long COVID imposes a substantial burden on worker health and economic productivity.
- Implementing proactive measures is essential to protect the workforce from the adverse effects of long COVID.
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