Pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum in Agriculture: A Review of Prevention and Control Strategies Based on Natural...

Crop diseases are increasingly posing a significant threat to global agriculture, with the geographic extent of affected regions continuing to expand. While chemical pesticides remain widely employed, their use raises substantial concerns regarding toxicity, residue accumulation, pathogen resistance, and environmental degradation. Natural products derived from plants and microbes represent promising eco-friendly solutions. Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt, severely compromises crop yields, yet effective chemical interventions remain elusive. This review systematically evaluates natural compounds derived from plants and microbes for their efficacy against R. solanacearum. Relevant literatures on antimicrobial phytochemicals and microbial metabolites were analyzed to elucidate their mechanisms of action (e.g., antibiosis, quorum quenching) and practical applicability. Key findings indicate that plant-derived compounds and microbial metabolites effectively suppress R. solanacearum through growth inhibition and virulence disruption. Some compounds also enhance host resistance. However, field efficacy is influenced by varying environmental conditions. Natural compounds offer a sustainable, low-risk alternative for managing bacterial wilt. To provide suggestions for creative, natural disease management strategies, this review investigates the efficacy of natural compounds produced from plants and microorganisms in managing R. solanacearum.