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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Harnessing the Power of MicroRNA Cargoes in Small Extracellular Vesicles Released from Fresh-Frozen Human Brain Sections
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Analysis of miRNAs from Inner Ear Organoid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.

Sehee Lee1,2, Marie Kubota3,4, Euyhyun Park1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified specific microRNAs (miRNAs) within extracellular vesicles (EVs) from developing inner ear organoids. These miRNAs regulate cell proliferation and hair cell regeneration, offering potential therapeutic targets for hearing loss.

Keywords:
Extracellular vesicleInner earMiRNAOrganoidProliferationRegeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Permanent hearing loss in mammals is often due to the inability of the cochlea to regenerate lost inner ear hair cells.
  • Neonatal mouse cochlear floor cells can form organoids in vitro, generating new hair cells and supporting cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and analyze microRNAs (miRNAs) from extracellular vesicles (EVs) of inner ear organoids.
  • To identify gene regulatory elements that control the proliferation and regeneration of cochlear cells within organoids.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured cochlear floor cells from postnatal day two mice to form organoids.
  • Isolated EVs from the culture media of proliferating organoids.
  • Performed miRNA sequencing on organoid EVs and compared results with EVs from cochlear duct cultures.

Main Results:

  • Identified 184 miRNAs in organoid EVs and 176 in cochlear duct EVs.
  • Found 12 differentially expressed miRNAs between organoid and cochlear duct EVs (10 upregulated, 2 downregulated in organoids).
  • Target genes of these miRNAs are linked to stem cell regulation, proliferation, ear development, and cell fate.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensively inventoried miRNAs within EVs from growing inner ear organoids.
  • Differential miRNA expression suggests regulatory roles in cochlear cell proliferation and organoid formation.
  • These findings could inform miRNA-based therapeutic strategies for hearing loss treatment.