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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.5K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Magnetic Force01:18

Magnetic Force

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In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
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Soft multistable magnetic-responsive metamaterials.

Taylor E Greenwood1, Brian Elder1, Md Nahid Hasan2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.

Science Advances
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel soft metamaterial that uses magnetic fields to change shape and maintain it without continuous power. This breakthrough offers new possibilities for resilient soft robotics and biomedical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Biomedicine

Background:

  • Wireless actuation of magnetic soft architectures is crucial for advanced functionalities in biomedicine and soft robotics.
  • A key challenge is maintaining device geometry without continuous energy input, especially under unpredictable environmental stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a soft multistable magnetic-responsive metamaterial with programmable energy barriers.
  • To enable reversible shape transformations and stable geometries in soft materials under various stresses.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of a soft metamaterial utilizing a bistable geometry composed entirely of soft material.
  • Employing magnetic programming to establish and control programmable energy barriers.

Main Results:

  • The soft metamaterials demonstrate multistability and reversible transformation between stable states, even under significant mechanical and thermal stresses exceeding physiological conditions.
  • These metamaterials can sustain high compressive loads (over 10x their mass), reconfigure shape in confined spaces, and wirelessly deliver fluids against pressure.

Conclusions:

  • The developed soft metamaterial offers a robust solution for shape-morphing applications in challenging environments.
  • Its capabilities suggest broad applicability in future biomedical devices and soft robotic systems, particularly where resilience and wireless control are essential.