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Related Concept Videos

Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects
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Enhanced exogenous RNAi by loop-ended double-stranded RNA in plants.

Neil A Smith1, Max Corral2, Canwei Shu2

  • 1CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Clunies Ross Street,Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Journal of Biotechnology
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Loop-ended dsRNA (ledRNA) enhances exogenous RNA interference (exoRNAi) by improving stability and delivery. This novel RNAi technology effectively silences genes in plants, fungi, and insects, showing broad applicability.

Keywords:
DsRNAExogenous RNAiGene silencingHairpin RNARNA interference

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Exogenous RNA interference (exoRNAi) offers potential for gene silencing but lacks robust efficiency.
  • Developing effective exoRNAi technologies is crucial for various biological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel Loop-ended dsRNA (ledRNA) design for enhancing exoRNAi efficacy.
  • To assess the stability, delivery, and gene silencing capabilities of ledRNA in plants, fungi, and insects.

Main Methods:

  • Designed ledRNA with a dumbbell-like structure featuring a nick site.
  • Applied ledRNA topically to various plant tissues (leaves, cotyledons, meristems, roots).
  • Introduced ledRNA into fungal cultures (Fusarium oxysporum) and administered orally to insects (green peach aphids).

Main Results:

  • ledRNA showed higher accumulation and broader distribution in plant tissues compared to traditional hairpin RNA (hpRNA).
  • Topical ledRNA application effectively silenced the FAD2 gene in N. benthamiana, increasing monounsaturated fatty acids.
  • ledRNA successfully downregulated target genes in Fusarium oxysporum and reduced fecundity in Myzus persicae.

Conclusions:

  • ledRNA demonstrates superior stability, uptake, and movement in plants, enhancing exoRNAi efficacy.
  • ledRNA is effective across diverse kingdoms, highlighting its potential as a versatile tool for gene expression manipulation.