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Performance of fluorine removal using flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): validation and optimization.

Xiangyi Ding1,2, Fangkai Qin2, Lingling Lai2

  • 1XAUAT UniSA An De College, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.

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|July 16, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) effectively removes fluoride from photovoltaic wastewater. Optimized parameters achieved 98.6% removal efficiency, showcasing a sustainable industrial wastewater treatment solution.

Keywords:
Flow electrode capacitive deionizationcarbon blackcondition optimizationfluoride removalion adsorption

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Photovoltaic (PV) wastewater contains fluoride, posing environmental challenges.
  • Electrochemical methods offer potential for efficient wastewater treatment.
  • Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising technology for ion removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the efficacy of a flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) system for electrochemical defluorination of PV wastewater.
  • To systematically optimize operational parameters for enhanced FCDI performance.
  • To analyze factors influencing fluoride removal efficiency and energy consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Symmetrical FCDI system design.
  • Systematic investigation and optimization of applied voltage, electrode content, flow rate, and electrolyte concentration.
  • Analysis of fluoride removal efficiency and energy consumption under various conditions.
  • Evaluation of performance in mixed-ion wastewater with nitrate competition.

Main Results:

  • Optimal applied voltage of 1.2 V achieved 92.9% fluoride removal efficiency.
  • Electrode content of 0.75 wt% yielded 98.3% removal efficiency, with higher content increasing energy consumption.
  • Optimized flow rate of 45 mL/min resulted in 98.6% removal efficiency and reduced energy use.
  • 1 g/L electrolyte addition enhanced performance, achieving 92.9% removal efficiency.
  • Competitive adsorption with nitrate ions reduced fluoride removal efficiency from 96.2% to 87.3% at doubled nitrate concentration.

Conclusions:

  • The FCDI system demonstrates high efficiency for electrochemical defluorination of PV wastewater.
  • Optimized operational parameters significantly enhance fluoride removal and reduce energy consumption.
  • The FCDI system exhibits robust performance even in complex matrices with competing ions, offering a sustainable treatment approach.