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Seasonal Variations in Drug-Related Erythema Multiforme: A Time Series Analysis Using the JADER Database.

Hideyuki Tanaka1,2, Mika Maezawa1, Sakiko Hirofuji1

  • 1Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Erythema multiforme (EM) cases peak in June, with higher incidence from spring to summer. Drug-associated EM shows seasonal trends, particularly in males, suggesting potential sex disparities.

Keywords:
Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report databaseadverse eventerythema multiformeseasonal variation

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated skin condition with reported seasonal variations.
  • Comprehensive analyses of EM's seasonal patterns and drug associations are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate seasonal patterns of EM.
  • To explore drug associations with EM using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.

Main Methods:

  • Time series analysis of EM-related adverse event onset dates (2005-2019).
  • Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL) and Autocorrelation Function (ACF) analyses.
  • Analysis of 3843 EM cases, examining sex-related variations.

Main Results:

  • EM cases peaked in June, with higher incidence from spring to summer.
  • Male patients showed greater seasonal variation, with a summer peak.
  • Seasonal trends observed in anti-infective and antineoplastic drug reports for male EM patients.
  • Female patients exhibited less pronounced seasonal variations.

Conclusions:

  • Drug-related EM demonstrates seasonal variations, peaking in June.
  • Potential sex-related disparities in drug-associated EM warrant further investigation.
  • Additional research is needed to understand EM's mechanisms and patterns.