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Related Concept Videos

Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

High-resolution Patterning Using Two Modes of Electrohydrodynamic Jet: Drop on Demand and Near-field Electrospinning
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High-stability electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing based on double closed-loop fuzzy control.

Yifang Liu1,2, Yiman Chen1, Huangping Yan1

  • 1Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.

Scientific Reports
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel fuzzy control method enhances electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing stability by using jet image recognition and micro-current feedback. This improves fiber deposition uniformity and reduces manufacturing defects for micro-nano structures.

Keywords:
Electrohydrodynamic printingFuzzy controlJet image recognitionMicro-current measurement

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Manufacturing Engineering
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is a key micro-nano manufacturing technique.
  • EHD printing faces challenges like unstable jetting and non-uniform deposition due to external interferences.
  • Achieving high-resolution and stable micro-nano structure fabrication remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a double closed-loop fuzzy control method for stabilizing EHD printing.
  • To enhance the uniformity and stability of fiber deposition in EHD printing.
  • To improve the overall quality and efficiency of micro-nano additive manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a double closed-loop fuzzy control system.
  • Integration of jet image recognition for real-time monitoring.
  • Utilization of micro-current measurement for process feedback.
  • Application of fuzzy control algorithms to manage EHD printing parameters.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvement in fiber deposition uniformity and stability.
  • Reduced current volatility from 34% to 12%.
  • Decreased fiber diameter fluctuation from 35 μm to 15 μm.
  • Reduced fiber spacing volatility from 29% to 9.5%.
  • Accelerated jet mode conversion response time, shortening ineffective deposition from 5s to 2.2s.

Conclusions:

  • The developed closed-loop fuzzy control method effectively optimizes EHD printing quality.
  • This approach enhances the precision and reliability of micro-nano structure fabrication.
  • The study advances high-resolution additive manufacturing applications through improved feedback control.