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Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of Monkeypox virus through less explored pathways.

Alessandra Mistral De Pascali1,2, Ludovica Ingletto2, Martina Brandolini1,2

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|July 16, 2025
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This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic surveillance of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) in Italy revealed Clade IIb strains. A rare lineage A.2.3 strain, linked to Ghana, showed potential human adaptation through gene disruptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Recent Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreaks necessitate genomic surveillance for tracking evolution and aiding investigations.
  • MPXV Clade IIb strains have predominated in recent global outbreaks outside endemic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform genomic characterization of MPXV isolates from Italy.
  • To analyze mechanisms of human adaptation, including APOBEC-style mutations.
  • To understand the diversity and evolutionary pathways of MPXV Clade IIb.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of 11 MPXV isolates collected in Emilia-Romagna, Italy (May-September 2022).
  • Genomic sequencing and comparative analysis of viral genes.
  • Identification of mutations and gene disruptions, including those potentially related to human adaptation.

Main Results:

  • All 11 MPXV isolates belonged to Clade IIb.
  • Viruses from male patients were classified in lineage B (B.1, B.1.3, B.1.12).
  • A strain from a female patient belonged to lineage A (A.2.3), with African (Ghana) epidemiological links, representing a rare detection outside Africa.
  • Disruptions in OPG176 and OPG023 genes, the latter causing protein truncation, were identified, suggesting potential human adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • The study enhances understanding of MPXV Clade IIb diversity.
  • Characterization of a rare lineage A.2.3 variant provides insights into less explored epidemiological pathways.
  • Identified gene disruptions may indicate MPXV adaptation to human hosts.