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Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots for Facial Injection Planning: Comparative Performance and Safety

Thomas Radulesco1, Dario Ebode2, Antonino Maniaci3

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Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

ChatGPT-based chatbots show promise for generating facial aesthetic injection treatment plans, excelling in accuracy and patient preference alignment. However, current safety limitations prevent unsupervised clinical application.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceBotulinum toxinDermal fillersFaceHyaluronic acid

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Aesthetics
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly explored for clinical applications.
  • Evaluating AI performance in generating treatment plans for facial aesthetic injections is crucial for safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the accuracy, safety, and clinical applicability of AI chatbots in creating treatment plans for facial aesthetic injections.
  • To compare the performance of different AI chatbots and generative vision models.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative observational study evaluated six AI chatbots and three generative vision models.
  • Forty patients received AI-generated treatment plans for botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid injections.
  • AI performance was assessed on product selection, injection strategy, facial analysis, patient preference alignment, and safety using Likert scales.

Main Results:

  • ChatGPT-based chatbots (ChatGPTo1 and ChatGPT4o) scored highest, outperforming others in product selection, injection strategy, patient preference alignment, and safety.
  • Claude demonstrated relevant facial analysis capabilities.
  • Generative vision models did not produce relevant visual annotations.

Conclusions:

  • ChatGPT-based chatbots exhibit superior performance in generating facial injection treatment plans compared to other AI systems.
  • Despite advancements, AI-generated treatment plans currently have safety limitations, precluding unsupervised clinical use.