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Inflammatory Biomarkers in Hypertension

Panagiotis Tsioufis1, Panagiotis Theofilis1, Kyriakos Dimitriadis1

  • 11st Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|July 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Inflammation is key to hypertension, a major cardiovascular risk factor. This review examines inflammatory biomarkers like CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, and their role in blood pressure regulation and hypertension progression.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a primary modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
  • The precise mechanisms driving hypertension are not fully elucidated.
  • Growing evidence implicates inflammation in hypertension's development and advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension.
  • To explore the role of cytokines in hypertension-related vascular and renal dysfunction.
  • To discuss novel composite inflammatory biomarkers and their clinical utility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating inflammatory biomarkers in hypertension.
  • Analysis of the role of specific cytokines (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) in blood pressure regulation.
  • Evaluation of emerging composite inflammatory indices (MHR, SIRI, SII).

Main Results:

  • Inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) are linked to hypertension.
  • These biomarkers actively contribute to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and immune activation.
  • Novel composite biomarkers show promise in assessing inflammation in hypertensive patients.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is a significant factor in hypertension pathogenesis.
  • Cytokines are crucial in vascular remodeling and renal dysfunction associated with hypertension.
  • Further research is needed on the impact of treatments like renal denervation on inflammatory markers.

Keywords:
C-reactive proteinPathogenesishypertensioninflammation index.inflammatory biomarkersprogression

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