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|July 17, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a method to measure individual and spillover effects in network-based public health interventions. It provides sample size formulas for designing effective peer education studies, like those for HIV prevention.

Keywords:
Casual inferencedesign of the experimentsinterferencesample size calculationssocial networks

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Research
  • Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Public health interventions often occur in connected populations, leading to potential spillover effects.
  • Assessing individual, spillover, and overall effects is crucial for understanding intervention impact in social networks.
  • Egocentric network designs are common for interventions leveraging peer influence, such as those for HIV prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify assumptions for identifying causal effects in egocentric network-based randomized designs.
  • To develop sample size formulas for estimating individual, spillover, and overall effects.
  • To provide a framework for designing and analyzing network-based public health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the potential outcomes framework to define and identify causal effects.
  • Employed a regression model with a block-diagonal structure for joint estimation of effects.
  • Derived sample size formulas for single and joint hypothesis tests concerning intervention effects.

Main Results:

  • Established identification strategies under clarified assumptions for egocentric network designs.
  • Developed practical sample size formulas applicable to various network-based intervention studies.
  • Demonstrated the utility of the formulas using an example of a peer education intervention for HIV prevention.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed methods enable robust estimation of individual and spillover effects in network settings.
  • The sample size formulas are essential tools for optimizing the design and power of network-based public health studies.
  • This work supports the rigorous evaluation of interventions that rely on social influence, such as peer education for HIV prevention.