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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica
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Widespread remote introgression in the grass genomes.

Yujie Huang, Shiyu Zhang, Hanyang Lin

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    |July 17, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Remote introgression (RI) is a key driver of grass evolution. Our study introduces RIFinder, a new method to detect RI events, revealing their role in adaptation and diversification.

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary Genomics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • Genetic transfers, including horizontal gene transfer (HGT), are common in nature.
    • DNA transfer between phylogenetically distant species, termed remote introgression (RI), is less understood.
    • Exploring RI is crucial for understanding evolutionary genomics, especially in diverse plant families like grasses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and present RIFinder, a novel phylogeny-based method for detecting remote introgression (RI) events.
    • To apply RIFinder to a large dataset of grass genomes to uncover RI patterns and their evolutionary significance.
    • To investigate the functional impact and adaptive role of introgressed genes in grass evolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of RIFinder, a phylogeny-based computational method for identifying RI events.
    • Application of RIFinder to a dataset comprising 122 grass genomes.
    • Comparative analysis of introgressed genes, donor copies, and native homologs, including functional enrichment analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Identification of 622 RI events involving 543 distinct homologous genes across 122 grass genomes.
    • Discovery of subfamily-specific RI patterns, with Pooideae showing the highest and Bambusoideae the lowest number of introgressed genes.
    • Evidence of post-transfer localized adaptation in introgressed genes, particularly in stress-response pathways, and a significant Triticeae-derived segment in *Cleistogenes songorica* potentially linked to drought tolerance.
    • Demonstration of RI's contribution to the evolution of gramine biosynthetic gene clusters in grasses.

    Conclusions:

    • RI plays a significant role in the adaptive evolution and diversification of grass species.
    • RI contributes to the acquisition of novel traits, such as drought tolerance and the evolution of defensive compounds.
    • The developed RIFinder method provides a robust tool for detecting RI events in large-scale genomic datasets.