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Updated: Sep 15, 2025
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Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
Published on: June 13, 2021
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Risk of Postpartum Depression and Postpartum Psychosis in Patients With Obstetric Complications: A Case-Control Study
Muskan Z Kamal1, Nida Naseer2, Abdar A Khan1
1Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK.
Cureus
|July 17, 2025
Summary
Obstetric complications like preeclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage significantly increase the risk of postpartum depression and psychosis. Integrating obstetric history into mental health screenings is crucial for early intervention and improved maternal and child outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Perinatal Psychiatry
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Postpartum psychiatric disorders (PPD, PPP) are significant causes of maternal morbidity and adverse child outcomes globally.
- While psychosocial factors are known, the role of obstetric complications in triggering these conditions is less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between specific obstetric complications and the risk of postpartum depression and psychosis.
- To apply a biopsychosocial framework in understanding these risks.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, matched case-control study (2018-2023) at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.
- 220 cases (PPD/PPP) and 440 controls (no psychiatric diagnosis), matched by age, parity, and delivery mode.
- Assessed complications: preeclampsia/eclampsia, GDM, hemorrhage, preterm birth, abruption, IUGR, chorioamnionitis, cesarean delivery.
Main Results:
- Preeclampsia/eclampsia (aOR: 2.30), postpartum hemorrhage (aOR: 2.10), preterm birth (aOR: 1.85), and GDM (aOR: 1.55) were significantly linked to increased postpartum psychiatric disorder risk.
- No significant association found for placental abruption, IUGR, chorioamnionitis, or cesarean delivery.
- Statistical significance confirmed via conditional logistic regression (p<0.05 for all significant associations).
Conclusions:
- Obstetric complications like preeclampsia, hemorrhage, preterm birth, and GDM may act as physiological stressors contributing to postpartum psychiatric disorders.
- Findings support a multifactorial model of postpartum mental illness, highlighting the need to integrate obstetric risk into screenings.
- In low-resource settings, interdisciplinary care targeting high-risk pregnancies can prevent chronic maternal mental health issues and improve child development.
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