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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology
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Cellular basis for cortical network aging in primates.

Melina Tsotras1,2, Joey A Charbonneau3, Claude Lepage4

  • 1Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|July 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging alters large-scale brain networks. This study links specific neuron and glial cell types to network changes, revealing a cellular basis for brain aging across species.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Large-scale brain networks change with age and become dysregulated.
  • Understanding cellular alterations in aging brain networks is challenging due to scale integration difficulties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the aging brain by integrating in vivo cortical similarity networks with whole brain spatial transcriptomics.
  • To identify cellular correlates of macroscopic network structure and aging-related network declines.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a lifespan cohort of macaques (N=64, ages 1-26 years).
  • Integrated in vivo cortical similarity networks with whole brain spatial transcriptomics.
  • Analyzed cell-type enrichment and its association with network properties and aging.

Main Results:

  • Deep-layer excitatory neurons and oligodendrocytes correlated with cortical similarity, linking cell composition to network structure.
  • Age-related network strength decline was prominent in transmodal networks (default mode, limbic).
  • Regions enriched in inhibitory and glial cell types, particularly parvalbumin-enriched chandelier cells, showed the strongest association with regional vulnerability and network disconnection.

Conclusions:

  • Established a cellular basis for cortical network aging by integrating multi-scale data.
  • Highlighted the conserved nature of cell-type enrichment across species (macaques and humans) in relation to the cortical functional hierarchy.
  • Demonstrated the value of cross-species imaging-transcriptomic integration for understanding brain aging.