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Malaria in China: a discourse-historical perspective.

Peng Miao1

  • 1College of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.

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Summary

The study traces the linguistic and cultural journey of "malaria" into China, showing how medical knowledge evolved through translation and competing theories. This reveals disease introduction as a complex process of discourse transformation.

Keywords:
Chinaagueanopheleshistory of medicinemalariaparasiteplasmodium

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Area of Science:

  • Medical History
  • Linguistic Anthropology
  • History of Science in China

Background:

  • Malaria's introduction to China involved complex linguistic and cultural mediation.
  • Understanding this process requires analyzing historical medical texts and public discourse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the lexical and conceptual transfer of
  • ague
  • and
  • malaria
  • into Chinese medical terminology.
  • To identify distinct phases of knowledge assimilation and conceptualization.
  • To explore the role of medical discourse in China's modernization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of English-Chinese dictionaries (1830s-1900s).
  • Examination of vernacular newspapers and periodicals.
  • Tracing the etymological and conceptual evolution of terms like
  • nueji
  • and
  • zhangqi
  • .

Main Results:

  • Three phases of conceptual transfer were identified: symptom-based translation, terminological competition, and eventual standardization of
  • nueji
  • .
  • Western concepts like
  • Plasmodium
  • were selectively assimilated, while
  • immunity
  • remained unexplained.
  • Public discourse, reflected in newspapers, showed struggles to reconcile Western science with local beliefs.

Conclusions:

  • Disease introduction is more than lexical substitution; it's a site of competing medical discourses.
  • The assimilation of malaria knowledge highlights the complex interplay between Western medicine and traditional Chinese cosmology.
  • This process shaped China's medical modernization, demonstrating the power of linguistic and cultural mediation in knowledge transfer.