Modern Trends in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Innovative Aspects

The study aims to analyse new methods in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, as the prevalence of cancer has been growing rapidly over the past 10 years. This study examined and investigated the implementation of novel approaches in molecular diagnostics, precision medicine (focusing on the genetic and molecular characteristics of cancer), immunotherapy (including immune checkpoint inhibitors), radiation therapy (such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, CyberKnife, brachytherapy, and proton therapy), nanotechnology, tissue engineering, and the application of artificial intelligence. According to the results of the study, it is worth noting that the use of these diagnostic and treatment methods has significant potential in the field of oncology. For example, molecular diagnostics can detect mutations in the cancer process and optimise treatment. Kosovo is actively considering the use of molecular biomarkers to inhibit cell growth, and Albania has introduced a new molecular classification that helps to predict the occurrence of complications. Genetic research in Kyrgyz Republic is studying the impact on the immune system of the tumour, apoptosis and treatment prognosis. Albania is also making parallels in the immune system of pregnancy and endometrial cancer to predict abnormal pregnancy and find new methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment. The problem of this study is the lack of empirical, clinical research and testing, and the toxicity of some diagnostic and treatment methods. Further research should focus on developing new methods of cancer treatment and diagnosis, as well as optimising and improving existing methods through empirical and clinical trials.