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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
541
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
393
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

392
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

239
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Risk Factors for Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Anett Rancz1,2, Brigitta Teutsch1,3,4, Mahmoud Obeidat1,3

  • 1Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|July 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and statins increase microscopic colitis (MC) risk. Proton pump inhibitors and smoking were associated with MC only when using random controls.

Keywords:
MCNSAIDsPPIshistological controlsmicroscopic colitissmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Microscopic colitis (MC) is frequently underdiagnosed due to its reliance on histological diagnosis.
  • There is a need for consistent data on risk factors associated with MC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing literature to identify risk factors for microscopic colitis.
  • To address the scarcity and inconsistency of data regarding MC etiology.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases.
  • Meta-analysis of cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies was performed using a random-effect model.
  • Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess risk associations.

Main Results:

  • Meta-analysis of 45 studies revealed increased odds of MC with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and statin use.
  • Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use showed an association with MC only when random controls were used.
  • Smoking (current and past) was associated with increased MC risk when compared to random controls, but not histological controls.

Conclusions:

  • NSAID and statin use are associated with a higher risk of microscopic colitis.
  • The association of PPIs and smoking with MC risk is dependent on the type of control group used in studies.