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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

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Radiographic changes in the maxillary sinus following closed sinus augmentation.

Jaret O Simonsen1, Michael P Mills1, Brian L Mealey1

  • 1Department of Periodontics, UT Health San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Journal of Periodontology
|July 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study compared 2D and 3D imaging for evaluating sinus augmentation. While both methods showed graft material reduction at 6 months, 3D imaging offered a more precise assessment of changes.

Keywords:
freeze‐dried bone allograftosseodensificationsinus augmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Implantology
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Maxillary sinus augmentation is crucial for dental implant placement when posterior tooth loss leads to bone resorption.
  • Transcrestal sinus augmentation using mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft is a common technique.
  • Accurate assessment of graft material changes is essential for treatment success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of 2D (periapical) and 3D (CBCT) imaging in detecting radiographic and morphological changes in graft material after transcrestal sinus augmentation.
  • To evaluate graft material distribution and resorption at 6 months post-implantation.

Main Methods:

  • A transcrestal sinus augmentation was performed using mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with an osseodensification protocol.
  • Standardized periapical (PA) radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were obtained immediately post-operatively and at 6 months.
  • Radiographs were analyzed to assess apical graft height (AGH), endo-sinus bone gain (ESBG), and elevated membrane apex (EMA).

Main Results:

  • At 6 months, PA imaging showed reductions in AGH (55.9%), ESBG (29.6%), and EMA (8.4%).
  • CBCT analysis revealed slightly higher reductions: AGH (60.4%), ESBG (32.6%), and EMA (12.2%).
  • A paired t-test showed no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of 2D and 3D models for detecting graft material changes (p=0.2168).

Conclusions:

  • Standardized periapical imaging is relatively accurate for assessing sinus graft changes.
  • CBCT provides a more precise evaluation of graft material distribution and resorption.
  • Significant graft material reduction was observed at 6 months, with CBCT indicating more pronounced changes than PA imaging.