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Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

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Spectroscopic Sensing System Based on Loop-Enhanced Flexible Rectangular Waveguide Cell with Multi-Pass Transmission.

Yunjiang Jia¹, Benlei Zhao¹, Xilian Su¹

¹School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.

Analytical Chemistry

|July 17, 2025

Summary

A new portable gas sensor uses a loop-enhanced hollow waveguide (LE-HWG) for improved sensitivity and rapid response. This ultralight, cost-efficient system achieves a low limit of detection for CO2 sensing.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Chemical Sensing
Materials Science

Background:

Conventional single-pass hollow waveguide (HWG) gas cells face sensitivity limitations.
Integrating multi-pass transmission (MPC) with HWG offers potential for enhanced optical path length (OPL).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, highly sensitive, and portable gas sensing system.
To merge the OPL extension of MPC with the rapid response of HWG using a flexible rectangular HWG (FR-HWG).

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a flexible rectangular hollow waveguide (FR-HWG) coiled into a circular shape for light recirculation.
Integration of multi-pass transmission within the HWG cell.
Theoretical analysis and ray-tracing simulations for performance prediction.
Experimental CO2 gas sensing using a broadband infrared source and tunable Fabry-Pérot detector.

Main Results:

Achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 214.7 ppb for CO2 sensing.
Demonstrated a 4.5x sensitivity enhancement compared to single-pass HWG cells.
The ultralight (7.22 g) and compact circular design enhances portability.
FR-HWG showed beam homogenization capabilities for uniform optical coupling.

Conclusions:

The loop-enhanced hollow waveguide (LE-HWG) system offers a portable gas sensor paradigm with high sensitivity and cost-efficiency.
The developed FR-HWG technology has potential applications beyond gas sensing, including laser processing.
This approach overcomes sensitivity constraints of conventional HWG gas cells.